about biological warfare

helping understand environmental issues.

Overview

The use of chemical weapons has a long and bloody history. Chemical warfare as we know it today has been prohibited since the Geneva Conference in 1925.

Fact

The earliest known trace of a chemical assault was discovered by British archaeologists in 2009. In 256 C.E 20 Roman troops perished in combat due to inhaling deadly gas from a stove containing sulfer crystals.

History

understanding the modernization.

Past

Sulfur was utilized by medieval soldiers to confuse and irritate their foes, but because to an inadequate technological skill, it was hard to create or collect a constant supply of efficient chemical agents.

Change

The industrial revolution had opened to possibilities that were not available before. Advancements in chemistry had progressed, resulting in not just newer chemicals, but also more inexpensive techniques to synthesize them in huge numbers.

Mustard Gas: Iran-Iraq War and WW1

On the battlefields of World War I, a vesicant (an agent that causes blisters) was first deployed as a chemical weapon. There have been allegations of mustard gas usage during the Iran-Iraq war in th 1980s. The threat of terrorism was among the main concerns as the US army engaged UN forces in anticipation for the liberation of Kuwait in 1990.

Sulfur and nitrogen based mustard are the two forms of mustard gas available. The sulfur based mustard gas was developed in 1822. However the nitrogen based mustard gas is the more pure version that is preferred to be synthesized. This was the form that was employed by the Germans in WW1.

Effects of Mustard Gas

Eyes

Tearing
Itchy
Burning
Gritty feeling
Reddening
Moderate pain
Marked lid edema
Possible corneal damage
Severe pain

Lungs

Vasomotor Rhinitis
Nosebleeds
Hoarseness
Hacking cough
Mild-to-severe dyspnea

Skin

Erythema
Vesication

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